Mechanical Properties and Torque/Force Generation of XP-Endo Shaper, Trunatomy, Spring Endo File, and Spring Endo Heated Finish File, Part 1

We evaluated the mechanical properties and torque/force generated during canal shaping by four NiTi files with innovative designs. Each of 52 TruNatomy Prime, XP-endo Shaper, Spring Endo unheated finish (Spring Endo), heated H) were subjected to bending, buckling, cyclic fatigue, torsional resistance tests (n = 10 per file type). Canal was simulated J-shaped resin blocks 10). Phase transformation behavior investigated using differential scanning calorimetry 2). Statistical analysis performed one-way ANOVA Games-Howell test. H showed higher bending buckling resistances, ultimate strength, elastic modulus than Shaper (p < 0.05). demonstrated highest fatigue angle rotation fracture The increased in order H, Endo. During shaping, greater clockwise torque less screw-in force compared files, superior cutting ability. Prime least force. At room temperature, consisted mixed phases austenite, martensite, R-phase; martensite; austenite.